Coolterm 104 framing error
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Īccelerometer-based inclinometers have dominated kinematic measurements in previous field studies, while the use of inertial measurement units that additionally include gyroscopes is rapidly increasing. Country of Data Collection accelerometers only -arm, arm and trunk field Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Brazil, North America, Australia accelerometers only arm (inclination velocity) arm field 2008-2013 Norway, USA 80,82,83] arm, arm and trunk 80,82,83] field Sweden, Denmark, Brazil accelerometers only -arm, arm and trunk simulated Sweden, Brazil, USA accelerometers only arm (generalized velocity) arm simulated 2013, 2016 Sweden accelerometers with gyroscopes arm and trunk field 2014-2020 Sweden, France, Italy, Canada, USA accelerometers with gyroscopes arm (inclination velocity), arm and trunk arm, arm and trunk field 2016-2021 USA accelerometers with gyroscopes trunk field 2007-2018 Germany accelerometers with gyroscopes or magnetometers arm, arm and trunk simulated 2009-2017 France, USA accelerometers with gyroscopes arm (inclination velocity), trunk arm simulated 2016-2020 Italy, USA accelerometers with gyroscopes arm (generalized velocity) arm simulated 2017 Sweden. Thus, IMUs seem to be a valid alternative to detect meaningful differences in angular velocity during tennis groundstrokes in field-based experimentation. The study concluded that IMUs and OMC systems showed comparable values. The difference relative to the maximum angular velocity achieved was less than 5.0%. The magnitude of the differences ranged from 4.4 to 35.4 deg Correlations ranged from 0.951 to 0.993, indicating a very strong relationship and concordance. Differences between both systems were highly consistent within players’ skill (i.e., along the broad range of velocities) and axes (x, y, z). Level of agreement was evaluated by correlation coefficients, magnitudes of errors in absolute and relative values and Bland-Altman plots. The angular velocity of the IMU gyroscopes was compared to the angular velocity from the OMC system. In total, 240 signals of angular velocity from different body segments and types of strokes (forehand, backhand and service) were recorded from four players (two competition players and two beginners). Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the level of agreement for angular velocity between IMU gyroscopes and an OMC system for varying tennis strokes and intensities.
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Inertial measurement units (IMUs) incorporating gyroscopes have been considered as a more practical alternative. Whereas 3D optical motion capture (OMC) systems are considered the gold standard for kinematic assessment in sport science, they present some drawbacks that limit its use in the field.
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Ergonomists may use the non-proprietary sensor fusion algorithms provided here to more accurately estimate upper arm elevation. The findings suggest that IMU-based inclinometers can substantially improve inclinometer accuracy in comparison to traditional accelerometer-based inclinometers.
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Results indicated that IMU-based inclinometer solutions can reduce root-mean-square errors in comparison to accelerometer-based inclination estimates by as much as 87%, depending on the work rate and sensor fusion approach applied. Angular displacement and velocity measurements of upper arm elevation were simultaneously measured using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and an optical motion capture (OMC) system. Thirteen participants completed a cyclic, short duration, arm-intensive work task that involved transfering wooden dowels at three work rates (slow, medium, fast). The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of various sensor fusion algorithms for measuring upper arm elevation relative to gravity (i.e., angular displacement and velocity summary measures) across different motion speeds.